In 2005, the World Bank praised New Zealand as the most business-friendly country in the world. Disagreements between the US, Germany and UK over Samoa led to the Tripartite Convention of 1899. Tongan, English. Some of the most visited countries in Oceania are the following: Australia. We do not have any contact with official entities nor do we intend to replace the information that they emit. Cocos Island and Malpelo Island were not explicitly referenced in the book, despite being areas which would fall within this range. This is a list of the populations of the sovereign states and dependent territories in the geopolitical region of Oceania. [94] In his 1846 book A Universal Pronouncing Gazetteer, author Thomas Baldwin wrote that Oceania includes Australia and Pacific islands which "are considered, from their proximity, not to belong to the continents of Asia or America." Australia and New Guinea have importantmining deposits that allowheavy industryandmetals, while New Zealand takes advantage of its lakes for the generation of hydroelectric power, thus promoting its industrialization. For all other years: average annual numerical change over the preceding five year period. Prange, Gordon W., Goldstein, Donald, & Dillon, Katherine. Chart and table of Australia population from 1950 to 2023. [229] It is here that James Cook made first contact with an aboriginal tribe known as the Gweagal. United States Naval Institute, For the Japanese designator of Oahu. There is significantbiodiversityon the continent of Oceania,featuringtropical, subtropical, marine, tundra, and high mountainecosystems. As a result, much evidence is based on linguistic analysis. The executive power is exercised by the government. "[137] In his 2002 book Oceania: An Introduction to the Cultures and Identities of Pacific Islanders, Andrew Strathern excluded Okinawa and the rest of the Ryukyu Islands from his definition of Oceania, but noted that the islands and their indigenous inhabitants "show many parallels with Pacific island societies. [72] In a 2008 article for the India Quarterly journal titled Oceania and Security: A Perspective from New Zealand, author Peter Cozens stated, "the region of Oceania is characterised by vast distances across the sea between continental land masses [] It is difficult to be precise about the term Oceania and its exact delimitation", adding that "the principal regional political grouping is contained within the Pacific Island Forum (PIF) - the 16 states making up the Forum are: Australia, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu and Vanuatu - in general terms this is the area referred to as Oceania by the United Nations and similar agencies. Meanwhile, New Zealand has hosted the Commonwealth Games three times: Auckland 1950, Christchurch 1974 and Auckland 1990. [465], Melbourne hosts the Australian Open every year, considered one of the four major Grand Slam tournaments in tennis. Teachers are encouraged to have their students use the Data Sheet for a variety of topics and activities. Tourists mostly come from Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. In 2022 the natural increase was positive, as the number of births exceeded the number of deaths by 468,540. [224][225] The United States fought the Battle of Guam from 21 July to 10 August 1944, to recapture the island from Japanese military occupation. This definition consists of discrete political entities, and so excludes the Bonin Islands, Hawaii, Clipperton Island and the Juan Fernndez Islands, along with Easter Island which was annexed by Chile in 1888. The book observed that a native Polynesian language was still understood on Easter Island, unlike with the other islands, which were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans and mostly being used as prisons for convicts. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Magellan-Elcano expedition achieved the first circumnavigation of the world and reached the Philippines, the Mariana Islands, and other islands of Oceania. [369] Popular Australian destinations include the Sydney Harbour (Sydney Opera House, Sydney Harbour Bridge, Royal Botanic Garden, etc. Although it is mostly ocean and spans many continental plates, Oceania is occasionally listed as one of the continents. Volcanic islands which are geologically associated with continental landmasses, such as the Aleutian Islands, Japan's Izu Islands, the Kuril Islands, the Ryukyu Islands and most of the Solomon Islands, were also excluded from his definition. More answers below Quora User Veronica is a culture reporter at CRGSOFT, where she writes about food, fitness, weird stuff on the internet, and, well, just about anything else. [59], Islands at the geographic extremes of Oceania are generally considered to be the Bonin Islands, a politically integral part of Japan; Hawaii, a state of the United States; Clipperton Island, a possession of France; the Juan Fernndez Islands, belonging to Chile; and Macquarie Island, belonging to Australia. New Zealand's economy is the 53rd-largest in the world measured by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and 68th-largest in the world measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). The Polynesian people are considered to be by linguistic, archaeological and human genetic ancestry a subset of the sea-migrating Austronesian people and tracing Polynesian languages places their prehistoric origins in the Malay Archipelago, and ultimately, in Taiwan. For example, in the Solomon Islands, English is the official language, but only 1-2% of the population can speak it fluently the majority speak an English creole, Solomons Pijin. [53][54] In a 1991 article for the Submerged Resources Center, American archeologist Toni L. Carrell wrote, "the immensity of and great distances within the Pacific Basin often make it difficult to conceptualize the basin as a single earth feature." [187] Although they likely migrated to Australia through Southeast Asia they are not demonstrably related to any known Asian or Polynesian population. [405] The first settlers introduced British food to the continent, much of which is now considered typical Australian food, such as the Sunday roast. [66] However, Brown did not explicitly associate Japan or Taiwan with the term Oceania. Islands in Indonesia's North Maluku and North Sulawesi regions are considered to border the open Pacific Ocean, with the rest of the Indonesian islands being located in marginal seas of the Pacific, or the Indian Ocean. Inhabitants of New Caledonia are French citizens and carry French passports. The Pacific Games (formerly known as the South Pacific Games) is a multi-sport event, much like the Olympics on a much smaller scale, with participation exclusively from countries around the Pacific. Bullen added that, "Asia, Europe and the Maritime Continent are not literal geographic continents. The bulk of the population of Oceania practicesProtestantism (42.7%), followed by Catholicism (24.7%) and otherChristian sects(14.8%). The Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua on the island of New Guinea are home to an estimated 44 uncontacted tribal groups. [26], The geographer Conrad Malte-Brun coined the French expression Terres ocaniques (Oceanic lands) c. 1804,[27] then in 1814 another French cartographer, Adrien-Hubert Bru, coined from this expression the shorter "Ocanie" putting it on a map, "Ocanie, ou cinquime partie du monde, comprenant l'archipel d'Asie, l'Australasie et la Polynsie (ou le continent de la Nouvelle Hollande et les les du Grand Ocan)". For the continent, see, "South West Pacific" redirects here. "[101] Kennedy defined Oceania as including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. "[142] The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names (2017), by John Everett-Heath, states that Oceania is "a collective name for more than 10,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean" and that "it is generally accepted that Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan, and the islands north of Japan (the Kurils and Aleutians) are excluded. [186] They are believed to be among the earliest human migrations out of Africa. For all other years: latest year annual percentage change equivalent assuming homogeneous change in the preceding five year period, calculated through reverse compounding. 2,142 live births average per day (89.27 in an hour) or a child in every 40.33 seconds, 837 deaths average per day (34.87 in an hour) or one death in every 103.25 seconds, 598 immigrants average per day (24.92 in an hour) or an immigrant in every 144.46 seconds, 22,164,486 females as of 31 December 2022. Since 1788, the primary influence behind Australian culture has been Anglo-Celtic Western culture, with some Indigenous influences. "[55] In his 2013 book Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide, American herpetologist George R. Zug wrote, "what is and is not part of the Pacificparticularly the western Pacificis variously delimited", adding that "a majority viewpoint accepts the landmasses of Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, New Guinea, and eastern Australia, which face the open waters of the Pacific, as its western edge." [317][318] Prince Philip Movement is followed around Yaohnanen village on the southern island of Tanna in Vanuatu.[319][320]. Trends i. On his first voyage in the 18th century, James Cook, who later arrived at the highly developed Hawaiian Islands, went to Tahiti and followed the east coast of Australia for the first time. World urban population. [342][343], The Australian Securities Exchange in Sydney is the largest stock exchange in Australia and in the South Pacific. [371] Milford Sound in South Island is acclaimed as New Zealand's most famous tourist destination. Oceania's Share of World Pop: Total population as a percentage of total World Population as of July 1 of the year indicated. In this model of the world, Australia is only seen as an island nation contained inside of the continent of Oceania, and not a continent by itself. [414] The New Zealand recording industry began to develop from 1940 onwards and many New Zealand musicians have obtained success in Britain and the United States. [347] It is classified as an Alpha+ World City by GaWC. ", further noting that, "a few other islands in the Pacific such as those of Japan or the Channel Islands off the southern California coast are not typically considered Oceania as the indigenous populations of these places do not share a common ancestry with Oceanic groups, except for a time far before humans sailed Pacific waters. Chapter 15 - The Americas and Oceania, 1000 to 1500 Outline. "[147], In Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands: A Comprehensive Guide (2013), George R. Zug claimed that "a standard definition of Oceania includes Australia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, and New Zealand and the oceanic islands of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia." Hawaii became a U.S. state in 1959. [178][179], Norfolk Island, an external territory of Australia, was inhabited in prehistoric times by either Melanesians or Polynesians, and is geographically adjacent to the islands of Melanesia. Oceania population is equivalent to 0.54% of the total world population. There are numerous difficulties with conducting archaeological excavations in the islands, due to their size, settlement patterns and storm damage. The United States also expanded into the Pacific, beginning with Baker Island and Howland Island in 1857, and with Hawaii becoming a U.S. territory in 1898. At c. 1200 CE, the people of Pohnpei, a Micronesian island, would embark on another megalithic construction, building Nan Madol, a city of artificial islands and a system of canals. [385] The New Zealand Parliament holds legislative power and consists of the King and the House of Representatives. [207] They are believed to have been Polynesian. It corresponds to the following formula: projection, It corresponds to the calculation: projection, It corresponds to the formula: LN(2)/LN(growth/100+1), which produces exactly the same result as LOG, "Fast facts about Australia - Australia in Brief - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade", Current real density based on food growing capacity, Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza, Percentage suffering from undernourishment, Health expenditure by country by type of financing, Programme for International Student Assessment, Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population&oldid=1137423444, Lists of countries by continent, by population, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 February 2023, at 15:56. In WA, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up 3.3 per cent of the population but 40 per cent of the state's prison population. Examples include Banaba (formerly Ocean Island) and Makatea in the Tuamotu group of French Polynesia. [340], Australia and New Zealand are the only highly developed independent nations in the region, although the economy of Australia is by far the largest and most dominant economy in the region and one of the largest in the world. 1. Spanish and Dutch explorers followed, then British and French. [210], In the quest for Terra Australis, Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirs, sailed to Pitcairn and Vanuatu archipelagos, and sailed the Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator Lus Vaz de Torres. Fiji and Tonga became independent in 1970. These adaptations are common in species from the large and well-known families Proteaceae (Banksia), Myrtaceae (Eucalyptus gum trees), and Fabaceae (Acacia wattle). [367], Tourism in Australia is an important component of the Australian economy. "[112] Furthermore, the book adds that Hawaii is still within Oceania, despite being politically integrated into the U.S., and that the Pacific Ocean "gives unity to the whole" since "all these varied lands emerge from or border upon the Pacific. Estimated Population 2020-2050 Estimated Population Estimated Median Age Estimated Urban / Rural Oceania demographics 2022 Papua New Guinea and New Zealand represent nine tenths of the total. PopulationPyramid.net Pirmides Populacionais do Mundo desde 1950 at 2100. [339], Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) studies quantify the magnitude of the Austronesian expansion and demonstrate the homogenising effect of this expansion. [16] Most Oceanian countries are multi-party representative parliamentary democracies, with tourism being a large source of income for the Pacific Islands nations. The smallest Pacific nations rely on trade with Australia, New Zealand and the United States for exporting goods and for accessing other products. Description . In a 1947 article on the formation of the South Pacific Commission for the Pacific Affairs journal, author Roy E. James stated the organization's scope encompassed all non-self governing islands below the equator to the east of Papua New Guinea (which itself was included in the scope and then known as Dutch New Guinea). [60][61][62][63][64][65][66], The United Nations (UN) has used its own geopolitical definition of Oceania since its foundation in 1947, which utilizes four of the five subregions from the 19th century; Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Hawaii also made a major contribution to country music with the introduction of the steel guitar. 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