We're doing our best to get things working smoothly! If a device is successfully hacked, its owner will be advised to strengthen security measures, for instance by making their passwords more complex. There is full competition in the ownership of gateways to the international internet.1 Kisha clubs provide essential access to officials in Japan, but they have been accused of denying such access to young journalists and new media outlets; the system may also limit some reporters access to certain locations, such as areas affected by the 2011 Fukushima disaster. Law enforcement requests for this data should be supported by a warrant.4 2. With this, they brought an end to his nine-month spree of destruction. Some companies offer free Wi-Fi, including the private company Wire and Wireless (Wi2), part of the KDDI group, which provides free internet access in restaurants, coffee shops, and train stations; registration requires an email address.6 The brothers father is from West Africa. politicians who violate the existing restrictions face a potential fine of 300,000 ($2,720) or one year in prison; imprisonment would strip perpetrators of their right to vote or run for office. Due in part to strong infrastructure, internet access is widely available to users in Japan. In a 2017 report, the United Nations (UNs) special rapporteur on freedom of expression noted that there were significant worrying signals regarding self-censorship among journalists on issues such as the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster.1 The Tokyo-based Safer Internet Association (SIA) reported that it was asked to manage over 7,276 cases of nonconsensual sharing of intimate images in 2019 and secured the deletion of the content in 6,771 (93 percent) of those cases.2, Previously, inflammatory, nationalist speech targeting Japanese residents of Korean origin and other minority groups was also subject to removal. creator Ken Akamatsu has decided to walk the walk and change Japanese censorship laws by running for office. Japan is primarily a civil law country, and the United States is primarily a common law country. Google reported 145 requests for user data between January and June 2020 and produced some data in 83 percent of cases.16 Such posts have attacked critics of the LDP government and have at times initiated negative campaigns against opposition lawmakers.1 A law enacted in 2003 and revised in 2008 prohibits electronic communications encouraging sexual activity with minors.14 In one significant instance, government officials and the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) withheld data about pollution after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster. For ISPs to block particular websites, they must monitor their customers' online activity to determine whether they are accessing the sites in question, which could violate the constitutional right to secrecy of communications.1 Under the criminal procedure code, however, investigators can order a person to decrypt an encrypted electronic record.2, Increased concerns over harassment, intimidation, and slander during the previous coverage period led members of the ruling LDP to meet with experts to discuss the possibility of deanonymizing the accounts of those who engage in such behavior online. No major incidents of physical violence related to peoples online activity were reported during the coverage period, though incidents of online harassment and intimidation, particularly against women, individuals with at least one Black parent, and medical personnel, did occur (see C7). Do conditions impede users ability to mobilize, form communities, and campaign, particularly on political and social issues? Otherwise, individuals or police ask ISPs to administratively delete contested or illegal content. Explicit images of genitalia are forbidden in Japan . March 23, 2021, 2:30 PM Japan granted asylum to less than 1 percent of refugees and asylum-seekers who applied in 2019, despite having the third-largest economy in the world. In February of that year, the Cabinet Office reportedly sent a letter demanding that the reporter be restricted from asking questions at press events. Specifically, the government will consolidate personal information among local government and central government servers, and will link personal data to individuals unique 12-digit numbers.9, During the drafting process, it became clear that the government's priority was to effectively manage internet users information rather than to protect personal data.10 Mosaic destruction. For this article, we consider these bodies to be government entities. With the space for such advocacy under threat in many . However, in June 2018, Okamoto Kenichiro, known as Hagex online, was murdered in Fukuoka after presenting a seminar on best practices to deal with online disagreements and abuse, among other topics.7 In May 2020, many celebrities voiced their opposition to a draft bill that would allow the government to delay the retirement of senior prosecutors, arguing that the bill undermined the constitutional separation of powers.3 In 2016, the law was expanded to include fraud, theft, and child sexual abuse images.9 Censorship of pornography in Japan, be it animated, photographed or filmed, has always been superficial, focusing on blocking out or blurring the sex organs. A 2011 law criminalized the creation or distribution of computer viruses without a legitimate reason.13 Acknowledging that "one might think this is simply conjecture by the ACE Economic Research Center," Yasuda then cited five specific Western-oriented changes he believed were instrumental in contributing to the brand's slow march towards self-destruction: 1. In January 2021, the three major mobile phone companies launched new low-cost plans, after decades of pressure from the ruling Liberal Democratic Party.3 22 of 2021 on Environmental Protection and Management ("GR No.22/2021"). Although that years guidelines from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) garnered criticism, they helped address concerns that the cost of switching providers favored dominant players and created a barrier for new market entrants.8 Increasing smartphone use has made the mobile market more competitive and resulted in improved pricing options, although the cost of service can otherwise be quite high. GR No. Infrastructure was also severely damaged in 2011, when an earthquake and tsunami hit Japans east coast, triggering the destruction of a nuclear power plant in Fukushima. In addition, individuals who knowingly receive secrets from an administrative organ risk up to five years imprisonment if the disclosures are found to be intentional, and one year for disclosures made through negligence.1 Since today we are discussing censorship, I thought it would be appropriate to show two books of Japanese early nineteenth-century shunga (lit. Individuals can be sentenced to up to three years in prison or fines of up to 500,000 ($4,534). Asymmetric regulation, which creates stricter rules for providers with a higher market share, has helped diversify the industry.6, Beginning in 2014, the government required mobile service providers to unlock SIM cards at user request; this has made it easier for users to switch providers and use third-party prepaid SIM cards.7 Historically, Japans internet connections were forged through cooperation among government agencies (including then government-owned NTT), universities, and national research institutions.2. Implementation guidelines for the law described four main fields of state secretsdefense, diplomacy, counterintelligence, and counterterrorismwhich are further divided into 55 categories.2, Other laws prescribe potentially disproportionate penalties for online activity. In April 2021, CrowdStrike, a US cybersecurity company, stated that the risk of cyberattacks at the event was low because of the restrictions on audience.3. In Japan it is now against the law to be mean on the internet. Under the law, all online dating services must register with the police, verify their customers ages with a drivers license or credit card, and delete or block content that appears to involve someone under 18; most services voluntarily monitor messages in real time to ensure compliance. In April 2021, Reporters Without Borders also criticized the kisha club system in their annual World Press Freedom Index.4. Germany, which has. Messaging apps, such as WhatsApp and Viber, are often. According to a summary by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), since 2014, there have been fewer severe outages - specifically three to eight per year- compared to the previous decade.8 (Feb. 22, 2021) On December 30, 2020, Russian Federation President Vladimir Putin signedFederal Law No. which attempts to crack the passwords of about 200 million internet-connected devices in homes and offices, starting with webcams, routers, and sensors, in order to better secure vulnerable devices with stronger passwords. Some self-regulatory bodies also manage content and other issues. Do the constitution or other laws fail to protect rights such as freedom of expression, access to information, and press freedom, including on the internet, and are they enforced by a judiciary that lacks independence? In June 2020, Japan passed amendments to the Act on the Protection of Personal Information. The court has up to six months to decide whether to order a content provider to disclose the senders information, and can also order access providers to retain senders information during the proceedings. the use of Googles Person Finder web application to facilitate rescue and recovery,2 In 2002, industry associations produced guidelines designed to protect ISPs from legal liability within the jurisdiction of the Japanese courts. The court indicated that points such as the content of the search results, the scope of disclosure, the social status of the persons involved, the social situation, and the necessity of disclosing facts were critical in deciding whether search engine results should be removed.13 Users rarely face physical and offline harassment in relation to their online activities. The censorship directives are the latest sign of how thoroughly Hong Kong is being reshaped by Beijing's security law, which took aim at the city's pro-democracy protest movement but has had . In June 2020, the Tokyo High Court reversed a lower court ruling that Twitter must remove posts which detailed the plaintiffs arrest records (see B3). 22/2021, which came into force in February 2021, simplifies the licensing and certain other procedures required . The Emperor shall be the symbol of the State and of the unity of the People, deriving his position from the will of the people with whom resides sovereign power. There are some reasons why it has been not modified since . 1850 M St. NW Floor 11 Political rights and civil liberties are generally well respected. The assassination of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has shocked Japan, a country with one of the world's lowest rates of gun crime due to its strict laws on gun ownership. It criminalized planning to commit a series of newly designated serious crimes that could supposedly fund terrorism, including copyright violations, potentially making more suspects subject to wiretaps. Independent online media and citizen media outlets have faced obstacles in their work, particularly due to the prevalence of the kisha club, or formal press association, system. Rakuten Mobile partnered with electronics firm NEC to launch 5G services, originally planned for June 2020. Cybersecurity efforts ramped up ahead of the summer Olympics, which were originally planned for 2020, particularly around internet of things (IoT) devices.1, In October 2020, the UK National Cyber Security Centre revealed that Russian military intelligence was planning a cyberattack on the Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics in the summer of 2021 in an attempt to disrupt the event.2 Under the guidelines, anyone can report material that infringes directly on their personal rights to the service provider, either to have it removed or to find out who posted it. Under the amended law, an individual can request the court to disclose information about a sender who posted defamatory content. In May 2021, the NICT released a summary of NOTICE-related activities, disclosing that it attempted to access 112 million IP addresses, and that the NOTICE alert detected 1,817 targets and notified service providers.6, The conspiracy law passed in 2017 raised the possibility of more government surveillance. Individuals who are half-black and half-Japanese, continue to face racism online. In a survey by the Japan Medical Association, there were 700 incidents between October and December 2020 where medical staff treating COVID-19 patients were subject to online harassment.1 As of 2021, the internet penetration rate for households stood at 93 percent.2, Providers continue to develop telecommunications infrastructure, in part to alleviate mobile network congestion. Are there legal, regulatory, or economic obstacles that restrict the diversity of service providers? The Imperial Throne shall be dynastic and succeeded to in accordance with the Imperial House Law passed by the Diet. In 2016, major Japanese news outlets reported that government officials pressured TEPCO not to use the term meltdown at a news conference shortly after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant accident.5 Hana Kimura was subject to harassment, primarily because of her gender, after she appeared on the reality television show "Terrace House. In May 2020, Kimura committed suicide. In February 2019, the NICT, under the MIC, launched the NOTICE program,4 Access to the internet remains relatively equal across different segments of the population. However, the ordinance did stipulate that the city would take measures to prevent the spread of hate on the internet.17 In 2021, authorities fined Facebook, Twitter, Telegram, Google, TikTok, and other internet companies a total of at least 187 million RUB (US$2.5 million) over failures to take down supposedly. Voters found to have improperly solicited support for a candidate via email could be fined 500,000 ($4,534) or imprisoned for two years.10, Article 175 of the penal code bans the sale or distribution of obscene material, and while the relevant provisions date back more than century, they are considered to apply online.11 In May 2021, Aren Hachimura, the younger brother of NBA basketball player Rui Hachimura, received racist messages over SNS. There are few obstacles to internet access, no blocks on websites, and the legal framework provides strong protections for various forms of expression. Since the laws introduction, many cities have subsequently moved to legislate against hate speech (see C2). Internet caf users are required to produce formal identification documents such as a drivers license, and to register their name and address. The panel allegedly suspended its efforts to draft the legislation in October 2018 after failing to reach consensus on whether the blocking would violate the constitutional right to secrecy of communications.5, ISPs voluntarily filter child sexual abuse images, and many offer parents the option to filter certain other content to protect young internet users.6 I know they sold 2 different versions of RE games at least, a more censored version and a less censored version for adults. Are online sources of information controlled or manipulated by the government or other powerful actors to advance a particular political interest? In June 2016, the Supreme Court dismissed a legal challenge to the police practice of monitoring places of worship and other venues used by members of the Muslim community. At the end of the coverage period, the government had not taken steps to restrict use of the platform. 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