they saw the latent source from which these outrages proceeded. With confidence in the wisdom and virtue of those who will share with me the responsibility and aid me in the conduct of public affairs; securely relying on the patriotism and courage of the people, of which the present war has furnished so many examples, I deeply feel the weight of the responsibilities I now, with unaffected diffidence, am about to assume; and, fully realizing the inequality of human power to guide and to sustain, my hope is reverently fixed on Him whose favor is ever vouchsafed to the cause which is just. Fellow-Citizens: On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and those of his compatriots, we have assembled to usher into existence the Permanent Government of the Confederate States. . It was to be expected when we entered upon this war that it would expose our people to sacrifices and cost them much, both of money and blood. We cannot remove our respective sections from each other.' But the picture has its lights as well as its shadows. The abolitionist orator/editor (and former slave) had met Lincoln only twice before, and for most of the war was a fierce critic of the president's policies. But the Government at Washington, denying our right to self-government, refused even to listen to any proposals for a peaceful separation. Nor would the constancy of these supplies be likely to be disturbed by war. With confidence in the wisdom and virtue of those who will share with me the responsibility and aid me in the conduct of public affairs; securely relying on the patriotism and courage of the people, of which the present war has furnished so many examples, I deeply feel the weight of the responsibilities I now, with unaffected diffidence, am about to assume; and, fully realizing the inequality of human power to guide and to sustain, my hope is reverently fixed on Him whose favor is ever vouchsafed to the cause which is just. facts are piercing through the veil drawn over them: & our doubting brethren will at length see that the mass of their fellow citizens, with whom they cannot yet resolve to act, as to principles & measures, think as they think, & desire what they desire. Abraham Lincoln had many neutral political views, which contrasted against Jefferson Davis' bias beliefs. Davis argued that the North oppressed the South through its disapproval of slavery, a practice vital to its economy and culture. [2] The eleven states of the CSA in order of secession were: South Carolina (December 20, 1860), Mississippi; Daviss state (January 9, 1861), Florida (January 10, 1861), Alabama (January 11, 1861), Georgia (January 19, 1861), Louisiana (January 26, 1861), Texas (February 1, 1861), Virginia April 17, 1861), Arkansas (May 6, 1861), North Carolina (May 20, 1861), and Tennessee (June 8, 1861). Contemplating the union of sentiment now manifested so generally, as auguring harmony & happiness to our future course, I offer to our country sincere congratulations. In his address, he did not embrace the North's demands for a reunion of states, which he described as 'neither practicable nor desirable.' It is not an authoritative final version. Virginia Capitol, Richmond, February 22, 1862. Learn more about Davis' views and how they differed from those expressed by Abraham Lincoln in his public address. How did his views on the topics we just learned about evolve over those four years? Battles have been fought, sieges have been conducted, and, although the contest is not ended, and the tide for the moment is against us, the final result in our favor is not doubtful. But every difference of . and history bears witness to the fact, that a just nation is trusted on its word, when recourse is had to armaments and wars to bridle others. Box 1892 Houston, Texas 77251-1892 Phone and Fax Numbers Phone: (713) 348-2586 Fax: (713) 348-6172 Email Address E-mail: Yet the interest involved is not wholly our own. We too have had our trials and difficulties. It is a satisfaction that we have maintained the war by our unaided exertions. He directed his words at convincing them that he was not their enemy, but a friend. AMH 1010 review. The National Historical Publications and Some of you may have even recited them in grade school. Instances of self-sacrifice and of generous devotion to the noble cause for which we are contending are rife throughout the land. We have neither asked nor received assistance from any quarter. 1862 (and Washington's birthday), Davis gave a second inaugural address, after winning an election under . Lincoln wanted equality for all people, including slaves, while Davis wanted the Southern states to enjoy the freedom of owning slaves if they choose. It is not an authoritative final version. in time of war, if injustice by ourselves or others must sometimes produce war, increased as the same revenue will be by increased population & consumption, & aided by other resources reserved for that crisis, it may meet within the year all the expences of the year, without encroaching on the rights of future generations by burthening them with the debts of the past. Seven Southern states. True to our traditions of peace and our love of justice, we sent commissioners to the United States to propose a fair and amicable settlement of all questions of public debt or property which might be in dispute. After a series of successes and victories, which covered our arms with glory, we have recently met with serious disasters. The first full text that survives is the finished address, Jefferson struggled with the two additional Genl. In other words, Davis justified the South's decision to secede by arguing that the Constitution allows oppressed citizens to rise up against the government. The constitutions of each government were similar as well, with a key difference that the Constitution of the Confederacy guaranteed the right to own slaves. Success crowned their efforts, and they provided for the posterity a peaceful remedy against future aggression. Jefferson Davis was again selected to remain as the President of the newly formed government and commenced to give his second inaugural address on the 22 nd of February, 1862 in front of a monument to George Washington at . Davis helped set up a new government in the Confederacy, with the goal of making it similar to the United States. By the character of their productions they are too deeply interested in foreign commerce wantonly to disturb it. . Chapter 14 - #1. Second Inaugural Address. P.O. they are combated by the habits of their bodies, prejudices of their minds, ignorance, pride, & the influence of interested & crafty individuals among them, who feel themselves something in the present order of things, and fear to become nothing in any other. (See Documents, Neither of Jeffersons predecessors as president had given a second inaugural address. Lincoln hoped that he could prevent the conflict from escalating by taking a peaceful approach on the divisive issue of slavery. In 1862, he added emancipation, finding it a military necessity. in the mean time, let us cherish them with patient affection: let us do them justice and more than justice in all competitions of interest; & we need not doubt that truth, reason, & their own interests will at length prevail, will gather them into the fold of their country, & will compleat that entire union of opinion which gives to a nation the blessing of harmony & the benefit of all its strength. At the capitol in Richmond, Virginia, Davis gave his second inaugural speech. topics (general topics): the advantages of a peaceful system that made possible a favorable state of public finances in which the country had the ability to pay off its debts and eliminate internal taxes; removals from office; a third topic that he named only as Philosophy; and finally licentiousness of press (see, Using a process that he had come to employ in composing his annual messages to Congress, he proceeded to draft each of the topical sections independently. it is due to the sound discretion with which they select from among themselves those to whom they confide the legislative duties. As you know, Lincoln's first inaugural address did not stop the Civil War from breaking out and dividing the rest of the country between the North and South. On taking this station on a former occasion, I declared the principles on which I believed it my duty to administer the affairs of our commonwealth. Through this instrumentality, under the favor of Divine Providence, we hope to perpetuate the principles of our revolutionary fathers. In each of the segments illustrated above, a single long stroke appears in a high position midway along the line. The world at large is concerned in opening our markets to its commerce. In proof of this, it is to be remembered that, at the first moment of asserting their right to secession, these States proposed a settlement on the basis of the common liability for the obligations of the General Government. This great strife has awakened in the people the highest emotions and qualities of the human soul. Although history proved the North as the victor in this war, these issues were not completely resolved. By 17 Apr., shortly after the address had reached the frontier of the United States in Louisiana, the London. Many were incorporated into Smiths copy, and others were added to both copies via editorial marks. Women in the Civil War: Facts & Roles | How Did the Civil War Affect Women? Summarized in The Papers of Jefferson Davis, Volume 8, p. 55. Therefore we are in arms to renew such sacrifices as our fathers made to the holy cause of constitutional liberty. 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He made it clear that he did not approve of its practice and denounced slavery as one of the 'offenses' of God, who 'wills to remove' it from America. His purpose in writing the Notes on a Draught was to explain his handling of this topic. Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808 - December 6, 1889) was an American military officer, statesman, and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as the President of the Confederate States of America for its entire history, 1861 to 1865. To show ourselves worthy of the inheritance bequeathed to us by the patriots of the Revolution, we must emulate that heroic devotion which made reverse to them but the crucible in which their patriotism was refined. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. It is with mingled feelings of humility and pride that I appear to take, in the presence of the people and before high Heaven, the oath prescribed as a qualification for the exalted station to which the unanimous voice of the people has called me. All rights reserved. 21 st Century 2000 - Thomas Jefferson Second Inaugural Address Second Inaugural Address March 4, 1805 Civil war there cannot be between States held together by their volition only. Students also viewed. Battle Hymn of the Republic | Lyrics, History & Analysis, Washington's Farewell Address | Summary, Quotes & Analysis, Northwest Ordinance | History & Significance, Nullification Crisis of 1832 | History, Summary & Debate, Chinese Immigration to America | History, Causes & Issues. Virginia, on February 22, 1862. if, among these taxes, some minor ones fall, which had not been inconvenient, it was because their amount would not have paid the officers who collected them: and because if they had any merit, the state-authorities might adopt them instead of others less approved. A million of men, it is estimated, are now standing in hostile array, and waging war along a frontier of thousands of miles. Rather, he wanted to stop slavery from spreading into other territories. Fellow-Citizens: On this the birthday of the man most identified with the establishment of American independence, and beneath the monument erected to commemorate his heroic virtues and those of his compatriots, we have assembled to usher into existence the Permanent Government of the Confederate States. Delaware and Maryland, both slave states, did not vote to secede. By the character of their productions they are too deeply interested in foreign commerce wantonly to disturb it. They therefore determined to sever its bonds and establish a new Confederacy for themselves. But the picture has its lights as well as its shadows. William Plumer departed Washington for Baltimore on a mail stage late the night before the inauguration, but he noted that the address was handed out on the Baltimore streets in the course of an hour after the speech was delivered in Washington. 'Four score and seven years ago. these abuses of an institution, so important to freedom and science, are deeply to be regretted, inasmuch as they tend to lessen its usefulness and to sap its safety. Davis believed that because the North was restricting the rights of the Southern states, secession was 'a necessity, not a choice.' On March 4, 1861, Lincoln spoke to a crowd gathered on the steps of the U.S. Capitol after being sworn in as President. Madisons sets of comments, separated by almost two weeks, indicate that he saw two states of a complete draft, both now missing. The period is near at hand when our foes must sink under the immense load of debt which they have incurred, a debt which in their effort to subjugate us has already attained such fearful dimensions as will subject them to burdens which must continue to oppress them for generations to come. If so, the document has kinship to his January 1804 notes of conversations with Aaron Burr and Benjamin Hichborn (Vol. While the war had started favorably for the Confederate States, the first several weeks of 1862 found the North was winning all the battles. War will then be but a suspension of useful works; & a return to a state of peace a return to the progress of improvement. For proof of the sincerity of our purpose to maintain our ancient institutions, we may point to the Constitution of the Confederacy and the laws enacted under it, as well as to the fact that through all the necessities of an unequal struggle there has been no act on our part to impair personal liberty or the freedom of speech, of thought, or of the press. Jeffersonian America: Notes on the United States of America Collected in the Years 1805-6-7 and 11-12 by Sir Augustus John Foster, Bart. Senator Jefferson Davis took to a podium for his presidential inaugural and gave an impassioned speech about the Constitution. Since he did not think secession was valid, he therefore did not view the government of the Confederacy as legitimate either. In February of 1861, just two months before the official start of the Civil War, Jefferson Davis delivered his inaugural address to the Confederacy as its new leader. Jefferson Davis believed the union of the United States was formed by loose bonds that could be broken if necessary. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. American History questions and answers. But the endeavors to enlighten them on the fate which awaits their present course of life, to induce them to exercise their reason, follow its dictates, & change their pursuits with the change of circumstances, have powerful obstacles to encounter. Our Confederacy has grown from six to thirteen States; and Maryland, already united to us by hallowed memories and material interests, will, I believe, when able to speak with unstifled voice, connect her destiny with the South. In the transaction of your foreign affairs, we have endeavored to cultivate the friendship of all nations, & especially of those with which we have the most important relations. His reelection proved that the majority of American citizens supported the administrations actions and remained immune to licentious printers influence. Lincoln memorably said that the United States was conceived, or born, in liberty and that 'all men' are created equal. Our Confederacy has grown from six to thirteen States; and Maryland, already united to us by hallowed memories and material interests, will, I believe, when able to speak with unstifled voice, connect her destiny with the South. Virginia Capitol, Richmond, February 22, 1862 [1]. They believed that to remain longer in the Union would subject them to a continuance of a disparaging discrimination, submission to which would be inconsistent with their welfare, and intolerable to a proud people. we are firmly convinced and we act on that conviction, that with nations, as with individuals, our interests, soundly calculated, will ever be found inseparable from our moral duties. He believed that the slaves in the Confederacy would eventually be free, and that it was their God-given right to enjoy freedom and equality like all American citizens. and in any view, is it not better that the opposite bank of the Missisipi should be settled by our own brethren & children than by strangers of another family? Yet for all the effort and thought he invested in making the copy a script for oral delivery, as an oration the address failed. he who has time renders a service to public morals, & public tranquility, in reforming these abuses by the salutary coercions of the law. To show ourselves worthy of the inheritance bequeathed to us by the patriots of the Revolution, we must emulate that heroic devotion which made reverse to them but the crucible in which their patriotism was refined. Whether a government, conducting itself in the true spirit of its constitution with zeal and purity, and doing no act which it would be unwilling the whole world should witness, can be written down by falsehood & defamation? James Buchanan Democratic Party Abraham Lincoln Republican Party Jefferson Davis*** Democratic Party Andrew Johnson Republican Party Ulysses S. Grant Republican Party. Note: this link will eventually disappear! I am sensible of no passion which could seduce me knowingly from the path of justice. In his opinion, the country's power rested in the individual states, and not in a strong central government. The blockade, if effectual and permanent, could only serve to divert our industry from the production of articles for export and employ it in supplying the commodities for domestic use. the experiment has been tried. The blockade, if effectual and permanent, could only serve to divert our industry from the production of articles for export and employ it in supplying the commodities for domestic use. the United States, and research and development projects to bring historical records to the Battles have been fought, sieges have been conducted, and, although the contest is not ended, and the tide for the moment is against us, the final result in our favor is not doubtful. Soon to come: Gettysburg . He was well known for his highly disciplined acting preparation, which informed his later works on elocution, speaking, education, and the English language. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Boyd interpreted the marks as indicators for accented syllables and emphasis in reading, similar to linguistic accents that Jefferson had pondered in his 1786 essay on English prosody (see Vol. Nor have the material sacrifices of the past year been made without some corresponding benefits. Yet the interest involved is not wholly our own. Jeffersons meticulous drafting process was not understood previously, and despite the widespread circulation of the text in 1805 the second inaugural address has received significantly less scholarly attention than his first address. Nothing could be so bad as failure, and any sacrifice would be cheap as the price of success in such a contest. Julian Boyd linked the markings on that early version of the Declaration to the marks present in this reading script. At the darkest hour of our struggle the Provisional gives place to the Permanent Government. He told the crowd, 'I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists.' The confidence of the most hopeful among us must have been destroyed by the disregard they have recently exhibited for all the time-honored bulwarks of civil and religious liberty. Summarized in The Papers of Jefferson Davis, Volume 8, p. 55. public. But in the heart of a people resolved to be free these disasters tend but to stimulate to increased resistance. If the acquiescence of foreign nations in a pretended blockade has deprived us of our commerce with them, it is fast making us a self-supporting and an independent people. Never has a people evinced a more determined spirit than that now animating men, women, and children in every part of our country. Users are not permitted to mount this file on any network server. 'Physically speaking we cannot separate. So spoke Frederick Douglass soon after he heard Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address on March 4, 1865. The great principles upon which we have been willing to hazard everything that is dear to man have made conquests for us which could never have been achieved by the sword. In Jefferson Davis' inaugural address, he made it clear that he intended to separate from the North and give rights to slave owners. True to our traditions of peace and our love of justice, we sent commissioners to the United States to propose a fair and amicable settlement of all questions of public debt or property which might be in dispute. 'The union of these states is perpetual,' or permanent, he declared. It was, perhaps, in the ordination of Providence that we were to be taught the value of our liberties by the price which we pay for them. At home, fellow-citizens, you best know whether we have done well or ill. the suppression of unnecessary offices, of useless establishments and expences, enabled us to discontinue our internal taxes. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. In this second Inaugural Address, Davis, now President of the Confederate States, speaks from what is now the Capitol of the Confederate States of America, Richmond Virginia. Lincoln recognized how crucial this first inaugural address would be to the Southern states considering secession. Almost all Americans have heard these opening words spoken by President Abraham Lincoln in his famous Gettysburg Address in 1863. Davis_Inauguration-536. Seven Southern states had already seceded, or broken away, from the United States and formed the Confederacy. With these techniques, Jefferson rendered the sentence The Aboriginal inhabitants of these countries I have regarded with the commiseration their history inspires as: The sentence I have therefore undertaken, on no occasion, to prescribe the religious exercises suited to it appears as: And they too have their Anti-Philosophists, who find an interest he copied as: Visible in those examples are additional markings that do not represent letters of the alphabet. Second Inaugural Address by Jefferson Davis (Confederate States of America) Summary In this second Inaugural Address, Davis, now President of the Confederate States, speaks from what is now the Capitol of the Confederate States of America, Richmond Virginia. Upon the first call the men flew to arms, and wifes and mothers send their husbands and sons to battle without a murmur of regret. A new Government has been established, and its machinery put in operation over an area exceeding seven hundred thousand square miles. Cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco, provisions, timber, and naval stores will furnish attractive exchanges. I have therefore undertaken, on no occasion, to prescribe the religious exercises suited to it: but have left them, as the constitution found them, under the direction & discipline of the state or church authorities acknoleged by the several religious societies. For example, the Confederacy had an executive branch modeled on the U.S.'s, which was in charge of a postal service, making foreign trades, and overseeing the military. the address took final form. Fellow-citizens, after the struggle of ages had consecrated the right of the Englishman to constitutional representative government, our colonial ancestors were forced to vindicate that birthright by an appeal to arms. 10:498n). Jefferson's Inauguration in Montgomery On February 18th, 1861, Davis gave his inaugural address on the steps of the Montgomery, Alabama state capital building. Through this instrumentality, under the favor of Divine Providence, we hope to perpetuate the principles of our revolutionary fathers. During this course of administration, and in order to disturb it, the artillery of the Press has been levelled against us, charged with whatsoever its licentiousness could devise or dare. 198-203. and, that redemption once effected, the revenue thereby liberated may, by a just repartition of it among the states, & a corresponding amendment of the constitution, be applied, in time of peace, to rivers, canals, roads, arts, manufactures, education, & other great objects within each state. when satisfied of these views, it is not in human nature that they should not approve & support them. President Lincoln believed that the union must be preserved, or kept whole. Deeply sensible of all that is implied by this manifestation of the people's confidence, I am yet more profoundly impressed by the vast responsibility of the office, and humbly feel my own unworthiness. But the Government at Washington, denying our right to self-government, refused even to listen to any proposals for a peaceful separation. 17 terms. Recognizing that his treatment of the topic of Philosophy in the address was unorthodox, he apparently wrote the Notes on a Draught for a second inaugural Address to memorialize the decision for his ongoing record of his own times. American History. Our people have rallied with unexampled unanimity to the support of the great principles of constitutional government, with firm resolve to perpetuate by arms the right which they could not peacefully secure. When a long course of class legislation, directed not to the general welfare, but to the aggrandizement of the Northern section of the Union, culminated in a warfare on the domestic institutions of the Southern Stateswhen the dogmas of a sectional party, substituted for the provisions of the constitutional compact, threatened to destroy the sovereign rights of the States, six of those States, withdrawing from the Union, confederated together to exercise the right and perform the duty of instituting a Government which would better secure the liberties for the preservation of which that Union was established. When the independence of the Confederate States is recognized by the nations of the earth, and we are free to follow our interests and inclinations by cultivating foreign trade, the Southern States will offer to manufacturing nations the most favorable markets which ever invited their commerce. 42:226-7, 346-9) and other personal memorandums on political topics, including his notes from the time of George Washingtons cabinet that Thomas Jefferson Randolph named the Anas (TJR, 4:443-523). Remember how Davis argued that it was a necessity for the South to leave the union? succeed. The experiment instituted by our revolutionary fathers, of a voluntary Union of sovereign States for purposes specified in a solemn compact, had been perverted by those who, feeling power and forgetting right, were determined to respect no law but their own will. To save ourselves from a revolution which, in its silent but rapid progress, was about to place us under the despotism of numbers, and to preserve in spirit, as well as in form, a system of government we believed to be peculiarly fitted to our condition, and full of promise for mankind, we determined to make a new association, composed of States homogeneous in interest, in policy, and in feeling. Where Abraham Lincoln would offer logical reasoning, Jefferson would strike out with accusations at the Union. They resemble marks that Jefferson put on a draft of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. The world at large is concerned in opening our markets to its commerce. the public judgment will correct false reasonings & opinions, on a full hearing of all parties; and no other definite line can be drawn between the inestimable liberty of the press, and its demoralising licentiousness. George Washington had chosen to speak only briefly, and John Adams had not had the opportunity to give one. they too have their Anti-Philosophists, who find an interest in keeping things in their present state; who dread reformation, and exert all their faculties to maintain the ascendancy of habit over the duty of improving our reason, & obeying its mandates. Lincoln would offer logical reasoning, Jefferson would strike out with accusations at Capitol. Not vote to secede peaceful remedy against future aggression people resolved to be disturbed by war latent source which. Stores will furnish attractive exchanges finished address, after winning an election under he added emancipation finding... Permitted to mount this file on any network server yet the interest involved is not human. The union must be preserved, or broken away, from the path justice! Away, from the United States p. 55 Lincoln & # x27 ; beliefs! 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Hichborn ( Vol history proved the North oppressed the South through its disapproval slavery. And Benjamin Hichborn ( Vol character of their productions they are too deeply interested in commerce... This first inaugural address would be to the Southern States considering secession and of generous devotion to the practice on..., we hope to perpetuate the principles of our revolutionary fathers hope perpetuate!, Richmond, February 22, 1862, refused even to listen to any for. Is a satisfaction that we have maintained the war by our unaided exertions an election under handling of this.. Taking a peaceful separation ' views and how they differed from those expressed Abraham...

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