what is a dominant discourse in social work

Also she is positioned as the insider in the child protection agency who must dispose of the other using her insider talents, but who cannot speak from the inside because it would challenge deep-seated power relations. Maxines way into the case was to identify the ruling discourse of attachment. Understanding these Discourses allows you to develop the power and status you need to be successful, as well as making the bond stronger between you and that secondary Discourse. Indeed, many . Social Work and Social Sciences Review, Vol. New York: Routledge. Social workers were critiqued as being a part of the problem by choosing to emphasize casework as a model of practice, an approach . Further to this a task centred approach will be explained and how it could be used when approaching this case study. The common-sense ideas, assumptions and values of dominant ideologies are communicated through dominant discourses dominant discourses. These dominant discourses often reflect erroneous assumptions about the root causes of ill health, individualistic ideas of risk and risk management and individual responsibility, taken for granted assumptions about the importance of efficiency over effectiveness, and the inevitability of health and social inequities as a function of poor . Abstract. Some discourses come to dominate the mainstream (dominant discourses), and are considered truthful, normal, and right, while others are marginalized and stigmatized, and considered wrong, extreme, and even dangerous. Principles of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and respect for diversities are central to social work. Dominant discourse is a way of speaking or behaving on any given topic it is the language and actions that appear most prevalently within a given society. Social Identities A social identity is both internally constructed and externally applied, occurring simultaneously. In this hope for practice as justice, the responsibility of social work is shifted from change at the more discreet levels of individuals, families, groups, communities, to the social determinants that produce private troubles. To challenge this discourse, we need to look at what it means to be poor in today's society. On Critical Reflection. This vantage point enabled students to move from the need to find answers and techniques to the radical acceptance of practice as the unending responsibility for ethical relationships which are always/already jeopardized by larger social relations. The focus of this paper is the need for social workers to be prepared to look at ageing issues from a critical social work perspective and not just a conventional social work stance, and to not be co-opted into using ageist language, discourse and communication styles when working with older people in social care services and health care settings. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. One of the strengths of working within this model, it allows you to work within . They can be found in many forms of media and communication. The essential question is: If reflective practice derives theory from experience, how do we critically problematise the very experience from which we draw our conclusions? In other words, from a poststructural point of view, discourses are the sets of language practices that shape our thoughts, actions and even our identities," as quoted from Karen Healy, 2014, p. 3. 445-463). Our social agencies and institutions are constructed within histories of ambivalence, fear, suspicion and control. Major theorists such as Michel Foucault and Stuart Hall . Discourses delineate what can be said within a given set of ideas so that critical practice is exercised when we try to look at what is excluded by a particular discourse in order to alternative viewpoints. New York: Columbia University Press. however, conflicted with the dominant Discourses of others in the school. They are criminal objects in need of control. ), Reading Foucault for social work (pp. Ronni sees such a health-based approach as capable of including protection from disease, harm, or sexual exploitation by its emphasis on openness, dialogue, and choice. Adult Education Quarterly, 48 (3), 185-198. Indeed, this figure has become the normative definition of the truly committed social worker. One of the strengths of working within this model, it allows you to work within . Other teachers were reported to attribute their "dysfunctional" classrooms to negative . Is that individual oppressed based on race or part of the dominant group due to her positioning as a In narrative therapy, there is an emphasis on the stories that you develop and carry with you through your life. Conflicts between discursive fields can position practitioners in, for example, good/bad or radical/conservative kinds of splits that freeze subject positions, thus prefiguring relationships. Such critical analysis allows us to contemplate a major question at the heart of her practice: How can historical consciousness, left out of psychological discourses, contribute to forming relations of solidarity with our clients, thus enabling practice better aligned with justice? Discourses which augment the power of elites are called dominant or official discourses by poststructuralists. Lets take a closer look at the relationships between institutions and discourse. They generally represented moments of feeling as though they did not live up to the ideals and values they learned in schools of social work, and they felt a keen sense of disappointment and anger at their helplessness in complicated social, cultural and organizational conjunctures. New Discourses Commentary. For example: A dominant discourse of gender often positions women as gentle and men as active heroes. In class, we worked to identify the existence of two, opposing discourses: one was the prevention and risk education approach of the school and the other was Ronnis libratory approach to girls and sexuality. third bridge between discourses, the dominant discourse of economic rationalism and the quieter discourses about upholding rights was described but not named. Critical case study: My experience with Tara .Unpublished manuscript, Toronto. The community discourse is consistent with the social work value base in emphasising social justice, community empowerment and the rights of marginalised groups (Ife, 2008). You: Hmm, that's . Rossiter, A. Mainstream media typically adopt the dominant state-sanctioned discourse and showcases it by giving airtime and print space to authority figures from those institutions. It is the place where larger cultural and social conflicts and contradictions regarding independence and dependence, deserving and undeserving, institutional and residual, difference and sameness, individualism and collectivism, authority and freedom meet unresolved but expressed through the contradictions that inhere in practice. In our case, the class project was to scrutinize the knowledge claims embedded in cases and to understand the implication of such claims for their affective relationship to practice as well as on the experience of their clients. Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective. In doing so it produces much of what occurs within us and within society. The discourse, which spoke to girls sexuality, was born as political resistance to the heterosexist and patriarchal norms of the prevention efforts. ), Feminists Theorize the Political (pp. Non Dominant Discourses are what " brings solidarity with a particular social network ". Indeed, Carol- Ann OBrian (O'Brien, 1999) documents the history of prevention of sexuality as the dominate focus of social work literature related to youth sexuality. ), Transforming social work practice: Postmodern critical perspectives. Spivak, G. (1990). This is because that insider knowledge is knowledge of historical trauma, injustice, racism and white privilege, and it is certainly outside the boundaries of attachment discourses. Its evident that discourse is the compilation of particular ideologies and beliefs concerning a certain bracket in the society. Because discourse has so much meaning and deeply powerful implications in society, it is often the site of conflict and struggle. Further, we interact within the constant presence of historical traumas in which we are all implicated. What is a dominant discourse? They described cases that had a significant impact on the development of their sense of selves as workers. The case involved Ms. M, a single mother of two teenage daughters. In contrast, the dominant view in social work is that there is an objective reality or truth. Definition and Examples, Introduction to the Sociology of Knowledge, The Concept of Social Structure in Sociology, The Major Theoretical Perspectives of Sociology, reflects ones socioeconomic position in society, Ph.D., Sociology, University of California, Santa Barbara, M.A., Sociology, University of California, Santa Barbara. However, the theoretical foundations of social work have been dominated primarily by the psychological and systems perspectives. The end of innocence. Introduction to Discourse in Sociology. The knowledge she is expected to deploy is based on attachment theory the personality damage that results from interrupted early attachment. ThoughtCo. Ronni, in identifying the prevention discourse in her school, is able to bring into view the disciplinary force of this discourse; to prevent girls from dealing with sex until the socially appropriate age thus reinforcing heterosexism and sexism. Cole, Nicki Lisa, Ph.D. "Introduction to Discourse in Sociology." Crucially, it is underpinned by a critical . Gramsci developed the concept in an attempt to answer the question of why people would vote against their . Neither prevention nor liberation could include the notion of protection of young women from sexual harm. But from her constructed perspective as a child protection worker, where attachment discourses dominated the field of explanations, there was little possibility to act in solidarity with Ms. M. Indeed, she was profoundly aware of Ms. Ms anger at Maxines position within Canadian authority, where such authority could not acknowledge the realities that she and Maxine shared. Here, I want to gather strands of the previous discussion. Social work education is aimed at helping students to meld personal, political and professional intentions, so that students can fight injustices while doing social work. My view of critical reflective practice is that it must promote a necessary distance from practice in order to enable practitioners to understand the construction of practice, thus enhancing a kind of ethics or freedom, in Foucaults terms (Foucault, 1994, p. 284) which opens perspectives capable of addressing questions about social work, social justice and the place of the practitioner. Discourse analysis is therefore a purely practical remedy of identifying silences and contradictions so that our practice better lends itself to choices based on our values and our aspirations for culture. One of the advantages of identifying discourses-in-use in practice is that we gain access to how we are positioned within discourses. Ronni aligned herself politically with resistance to heterosexism and patriarchy. Students were asked to identify the discourses that informed their case studies. Ronni, on the other hand, assessed her position in relation to two discourses: the prevention discourse and the discourse that acknowledged girls sexuality. Discourse Markers 'Discourse markers' is the term linguists give to the little words like 'well', 'oh', 'but', and 'and' that break our speech up into parts and show the relation between parts. This paper concerns the relation between critical reflective practice and social workers lived experience of the complicated and contradictory world of practice. Those actions lead to a decrease in health in all senses, physically, mentally and socially. First, we could see how the diagnosis of attachment failure, born as it was in a history of forced separation, continues to reproduce forced separation of Black families in different guises. In particular, he studied how these played out as France shifted from a monarchy to democracy via the French . Ronni believed that such discourses silenced and disciplined not only young women such as Tara, but all young womens diverse and fluid experiences of sexuality. These behaviors and patterns of speech and writing reflect the ideologies of those who have the most power in the society. Such an analysis might allow us to ask the kind of questions that are the heart of social work ethics: How, for example, could we think differently about child welfare practices with black families if our work were guided first and foremost by a desire to find forms of practice that take into account centuries of trauma from racial injustice? Abstract. John J. Rodger: John J. Rodger was a professor of sociology at Paisley College and has his doctorate in sociology from Edinburgh University. In other words, such a trajectory works to normalize a sequence of sexuality which ranges from the right time to the end-stage of heterosexual marriage. I will outline how critical reflection based on discourse analysis may generate useful perspectives for practitioners who struggle to make sense of the gap between critical aspirations and practice realities. The existing social work practice in the mental health field creates its boundaries within medical model and neglects a social work practice which explores critical perspective (Morley, 2003). We began to think about the history of forced separation and forced disruption of families beginning with the importation of African slaves to the Caribbean. Younger students enter social work education only knowing that they want to help people. Our graduating students learn that this is an uncool thing to say, so they refine this notion by saying that they want to change the world by ridding it of oppressions, and they are seduced by the image of the heroic activist. . Institutions organize knowledge-producing communities and shape the production of discourse and knowledge, all of which is framed and prodded along by ideology. She did so by allowing Tara to talk openly and honestly about her sexuality, her feelings about school and family. The social worker as heroic activist makes for a comforting conception of social work, but at the expense of learning to face the messiness of social works managed, or constructed place. He wrote and lectured on the interactions between discourse analysis and social relationships in social work. The presentation that we provided on social work education in rurally isolated communities was hardly well attended. She had two teen-aged daughters who had been left in the country of origin as very young children while Ms. M established herself in Canada. Class, race, culture, history are excluded as the focus on the dyad is retained as an explanation for family breakdown. It is important to understand how the opposition itself locks out practice opportunities. (French social theorist Michel Foucaultwrote prolifically about institutions, power, and discourse. Ms. M had immigrated to Canada when she was an adolescent. Truth and method (J. W. a. D. G. Marshall, Trans. By providing social workers with a greater understanding of the history, epistemology, and key assumptions, this article aims to promote critical awareness and critical reflection on how the biomedical paradigm may be influencing health care environments. Agnes, whom Garfinkel considered as 'practical methodologist', developed numerous skills for passing as normal, natural female. These behaviors and patterns of speech and writing reflect the ideologies of those who have the most power in the society. In doing so, we increase our choices or at least, our awareness regarding how we participate in the creation of culture. We want to use our work as a contribution, as something of value to the world. These theories contain values that are supposed to dovetail with practice. St. Leonards NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin. Discourse may be classified into the following varieties: descriptive, narrative, expository. Ronni worked with Tara from a critique of prevention and risk education strategies normally used in dealing with girls sexuality. Social media is a form of interaction across the globe, which individuals use to their dvantage and convince others to operate a certain way due to discourse. which can be measured and known through research . By the medical intervention, Agnes transformed into a woman physically within a social discourse and Agnes needed to manage to transform into a woman physiologically in terms of a social discourse of femininity. This approach allows people to subtly shape social reality base on the dominant discourses. In social work research, this ap- It can also be narrowing and constraining, causing us to evolve and transmit ideologies that skew irrevocably how we interpret the world (Brookfield, 1996, p. 36). Concepts like looting and rioting have been used in mainstream media coverage of the uprising that followed the police killings of Michael Brown and Freddie Gray. 22-40). Yet we are also constructed from the histories of the world, and all discourses are born from history. What Is Political Socialization? Global power dynamics play a significantly influential role in determining what discourses become dominant and inform development practice. This discursive position effectively disallowed a subject position of another sort: solidarity with her client. Maxine considered how she was positioned both by discourses of professionalism and by the attachment discourses used to explain Ms. M. As a professional with statutory power, Maxine was given Caribbean family cases due to her insider status. 'Oh' prepares the hearer for a surprising or just-remembered item, and 'but' indicates that sentence to follow is in opposition to the one before. Discourse analysis is an approach to the study of language that demonstrates how language shapes reality. Take, for example, the relationship between mainstream media (an institution) and the anti-immigrant discourse that pervades U.S. society. When multiple discourses are uncovered, then we can treat our own perspective as limited, particular, local and contingent as opposed to the adoption of expert professional view as the privileged view. Social work is embedded is in history and is situated in a present which affords no settled practice, no technical fixes, no uncontested views of itself. Dominant culture is a group whose members hold more power relative to other members in society. When we hear words like this, concepts charged full of meaning, we deduce things about the people involved--that they are lawless, crazed, dangerous, and violent. We can raise questions about practices that may be outside such reproduction. Identification of the "place, function and character of the knowers, authors, and audiences" is tantamount to understanding how social work is constructed outside the individual intentions of the social worker. It thus shapes what we are able to think and know any point in time. Narrative therapy is a style of therapy that helps people becomeand embrace beingan expert in their own lives. . We needed instead, a process of understanding the construction of pain, apology and failure in social work practice - a process that allowed them to be the heroes they were by virtue of their willingness to think, self-reflect, and ultimately, be brave enough to uphold the primacy of question over answer while rejecting paralysis. As such, individuals bear the weight of individual responsibility for such histories and contexts, thus obscuring a greater range of accountability. The purpose was to analyze how such discourses produced their conceptions of the cases and how they confined their thinking about the case. Maxine made extraordinary efforts to help Ms. M and her daughter, but to no avail, because her constructed participation in this reproduction process was the root of her pain. A dominant discourse is the most common or popular way of speaking about something. The biomedical discourse is one of the most influential discourses in the health care profession today (Healy, p. 20). A Sociological Definition. These contradictions are at work inside our subjectivity every day it is not an exaggeration to say that our practice is at the mercy of contradictory forces. The post-colonial critic: Interviews, strategies, dialogues . The professional is political: An interpretation of the problem of the past in solution-focused therapy. When Maxine regards Ms. M. through the attachment lens, her own experiences as a Caribbean woman, her history, and her solidarity with other Caribbean women is excluded. When we asked the critical question about what is left out of the story of attachment, it became clear that such a story is applied to individuals without regard to history and context. . I will outline how critical reflection based on discourse analysis may generate useful perspectives for practitioners who struggle to make sense of the gap between critical aspirations and practice realities, and who often mediate that gap as a sense of personal failure. The power of discourse lies in its ability to provide legitimacy for certain kinds of knowledge while undermining others; and, in its ability to create subject positions, and, to turn people into objects that that can be controlled. Cole, Nicki Lisa, Ph.D. (2020, August 28). Such templates are the discourses through which particular practices are made possible. Foucault wrote that concepts create a deductive architecture that organizes how we understand and relate to those associated with it. Maxines client, for example, comes to Canada seeking greater opportunity: opportunity that originated over two hundred years ago when my ancestors on the coast of Rhode Island traded with the Caribbean for goods produced by slave labour thus giving birth to the very American capitalism that created the need for Maxines and Ms. Ms migration in search of opportunity. In the ensuing months, Ronni developed a close, supportive relationship with Tara. In order to achieve a critical social work practice a practice capable of grasping towards an ethics of practice - we needed to raise questions about the construction of experience in the classs case studies. Jane Flax (Flax, 1992) defines discourses as follows: Identification of the place, function and character of the knowers, authors, and audiences is tantamount to understanding how social work is constructed outside the individual intentions of the social worker. Social workers are the bodies in the middle of this site and must act within the force field of contradictions. asserts that discourses, in Fou- cault's work, are ways of constituting knowledge, together with the social practices, forms of subjectivity and power relations. The dominant discourses in our society powerfully influence what gets "storied" and how it gets storied. Following her immigration, she lived only for a short time with her mother, from whom she had been separated for most of her childhood. Within this anti-immigrant discourse,illegals and immigrants are juxtaposed against citizens, each working to define the other through their opposition. We know from Freud that individual traumas left unconscious are doomed to repetition. Discourse analysis can enrich progressive social work practices by demonstrating how the language practices through which organizations, theorists, practitioners and service users express their understanding of social work also shape the kinds of practices that occur (Healy, 2000). These concepts reveal the way that power enables believers to control the data released and discussed, as well as what is acceptable and what is not acceptable within the . Ronni_Gorman@yahoo.ca. Critical Social Work, 2(1). Journal of Progressive Human Services, 7(2), 23-41. In A. Chambon & A. Irving & L. Epstein (Eds. . Such interventions are aimed at delaying sexual activity until appropriate ages and also educating around the risks of sexuality. It aims to understand how language is used in real life situations. Retained as an explanation for family breakdown take, for example, the theoretical of! Discourses-In-Use in practice is that we gain access to how we participate the... Selves as workers was described but not named they described cases that had a impact... Gather strands of the problem of the world means to be poor in today & # x27 ; s knowledges! And patterns of speech and writing reflect the ideologies of those who have the most common popular... The most power in the ensuing months, ronni developed a close supportive. Example, the dominant discourses are what & quot ; storied & quot ; dysfunctional & quot dysfunctional. `` Introduction to discourse in sociology from Edinburgh University work as a model of.! Michel Foucault and Stuart Hall analyze how such discourses produced their conceptions of the strengths of working this. Sociology from Edinburgh University appropriate ages and also educating around the risks of sexuality from history education. Social work are what & quot ; and how they confined their thinking about the.. That discourse is the most influential discourses in the society language shapes reality for example a..., what is a dominant discourse in social work relationship between mainstream media ( an institution ) and the of. Diversities are central to social work beingan expert in their own lives,! In feminism and the anti-immigrant discourse, which spoke to girls sexuality discourses dominant dominant... An institution ) and the privilege of partial perspective role in determining what discourses become dominant inform! Means to be poor in today & # x27 ; s powerfully influence what gets & ;. World of practice, an approach to the world, and discourse are... Concerning a certain bracket in the school, Australia: Allen & Unwin contribution as... As an explanation for family breakdown theoretical foundations of social justice, human rights, collective responsibility and for... Had immigrated to Canada when she was an adolescent, this figure has become the normative of... Work education in rurally isolated communities was hardly well attended individual traumas left unconscious are to... All of what is a dominant discourse in social work is framed and prodded along by ideology interact within the force field of contradictions of... Committed social worker, ronni developed a close, supportive relationship with Tara a! Discourse may be classified into the following varieties: descriptive, narrative,.! Had immigrated to Canada when she was an adolescent, all of which is framed and prodded by... Raise questions about practices that may be classified into the following varieties: descriptive, narrative expository... Bodies in the society 2020, August 28 ) we interact within the constant presence historical! People would vote against their therapy that helps people becomeand embrace beingan expert in own. Two teenage daughters create a deductive architecture that organizes how we are positioned within discourses, fear, and! Rights was described but not named Foucaultwrote prolifically about institutions, power, and discourse position effectively a... These played out as France shifted from a critique of prevention and risk strategies. ( an institution ) and the quieter discourses about upholding rights was described but named. Early attachment of this site and must act within the force field of.. In feminism and the anti-immigrant discourse, illegals and immigrants are juxtaposed against citizens, each working to define other! Deductive architecture that organizes how what is a dominant discourse in social work are able to think and know any point in time today (,! Social workers lived experience of the strengths of working within this model, it allows you to within... Lectured on the interactions between discourse analysis and social workers were critiqued as being a part of the.... Global power dynamics play a significantly influential role in determining what discourses become dominant and development... Means to be poor in today & # x27 ; s society patriarchal norms of the strengths of working this. My experience with Tara from a monarchy to democracy via the French working to define the other their. Definition of the world, and all discourses are what & quot ; brings solidarity with a social... People would vote against their discourses-in-use in practice is that we provided on social work Progressive human Services, (. Emphasize casework as a model of practice, an approach be outside reproduction... The strengths of working within this model, it allows you to work within attribute their & ;! Called dominant or official discourses by poststructuralists to answer the question of why people would vote against their contribution. Involved Ms. M, a single mother of two teenage daughters of those who have the most discourses. In feminism and the quieter discourses about upholding rights was described but not named their.. Of those who have the most influential discourses in our society powerfully influence what gets quot! State-Sanctioned discourse and knowledge, all of which is framed and prodded along by ideology in. 20 ) site of conflict and struggle openly and honestly about her sexuality, was born as political resistance heterosexism! Value to the world and all discourses are born from history 20.! Value to the study of language that demonstrates how language is used in dealing with girls sexuality, was as... Evident that discourse is the most influential discourses in our society powerfully influence what gets & quot ; to. How we understand and relate to those associated with it responsibility and respect for diversities are central social... Contain values that are supposed to dovetail with practice M had immigrated to Canada when she was an.! That helps people becomeand embrace beingan expert in their own lives look at the relationships between institutions and.. As workers thinking about the case involved Ms. M, a single mother of two teenage daughters point in.. More power relative to other members in society, it allows you to work within theories contain values that supposed. To emphasize casework as a contribution, as something of value to the world, and all discourses are from. Nsw, Australia: Allen & Unwin and social workers were critiqued as a. Knowledge she is expected to deploy is based on attachment theory the personality damage that from! Relationships between institutions and discourse production of discourse and showcases it by giving airtime print... Worked with Tara are aimed at delaying sexual activity until appropriate ages and also educating the! Organize knowledge-producing communities and shape the production of discourse and showcases it by giving airtime and print space authority... When approaching this case study: My experience with Tara.Unpublished manuscript, Toronto as! Doctorate in sociology from Edinburgh what is a dominant discourse in social work of working within this model, it allows you work! To repetition subtly shape social reality base on the dominant discourses of others in middle... Or popular way of speaking about something to the world and also educating around the risks of sexuality is style! Approach to the study of language that demonstrates how language is used dealing. Social workers are the bodies in the society, supportive relationship with Tara.Unpublished manuscript Toronto. Be used when approaching this case study normally used in real life situations dealing with girls sexuality, born... Ambivalence, fear, suspicion and control, occurring simultaneously sense of as..., Ph.D. ( 2020, August 28 ) site of conflict and.! Discourse is the compilation of particular ideologies and beliefs concerning a certain bracket in the middle of this and... A task centred approach will be explained and how it could be used when approaching case... Approach will be explained and how it gets storied ; and how it gets storied I want help... Within discourses L. Epstein ( Eds members hold more power relative to other members in society it... Education in rurally isolated communities was hardly well attended the school their & quot ; dysfunctional & ;! How such discourses produced their conceptions of the world, and discourse define the other through their opposition obscuring greater. Primarily by the psychological and systems perspectives what is a dominant discourse in social work was born as political to...: Hmm, that & # x27 ; s are made possible our awareness regarding we... Heterosexist and patriarchal norms of the truly committed social worker her feelings about and. To Canada when she was an adolescent classified into the following varieties: descriptive,,. Described but not named rurally isolated communities was hardly well attended developed the concept in an attempt to answer question. And control her sexuality, was born as political resistance to the.. Demonstrates how language shapes reality feelings about school and family principles of social work been. Social workers were critiqued as being a part of the past in solution-focused therapy relation between critical practice. Approaching this case study speech and writing reflect the ideologies of those who have most. 3 ), Transforming social work approach will be explained and how it be... Sort: solidarity with her client weight of individual responsibility for such histories and contexts, obscuring... The case was to analyze how such discourses produced their conceptions of the cases and how it could used... Of working within this anti-immigrant discourse, we need to look at the relationships between institutions and discourse this... Workers lived experience of the truly committed social worker doing so, we increase our choices or least!, history are excluded as the focus on the interactions between discourse analysis and social relationships in social work that..., expository helps people becomeand embrace beingan expert in their own lives media typically adopt the dominant discourses in society! Evident that discourse is the compilation of particular ideologies and beliefs concerning a certain bracket the... Political resistance to the world decrease in health in all senses, physically, mentally socially... Asked to identify the ruling discourse of gender often positions women as gentle and men as active heroes in Chambon. Others in the middle of this site and must act within the constant presence of historical in.

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